What are the HACEK organisms commonly associated with?

HACEK organisms are a group of bacteria that are known for their association with endocarditis, particularly in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or those who have had dental procedures. The acronym HACEK stands for five genera of bacteria: Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella. These organisms are often part of the normal flora in the human mouth and upper respiratory tract but can become pathogenic.

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, commonly occurring in patients with heart defects or those who have had heart surgery. HACEK organisms cause endocarditis less frequently than more common bacteria like Streptococcus or Staphylococcus, but they are significant because they can be challenging to detect through standard culturing methods. Patients may have prolonged fever and specific heart murmur findings, which can guide further investigation, including blood cultures that look for these less common pathogens.

In summary, the association of HACEK organisms with endocarditis underscores the importance of considering these less common pathogens when diagnosing heart infections, particularly in high-risk populations.