What common condition is treated with Human rabies immune globulin and human diploid cell rabies vaccine?

Human rabies immune globulin and human diploid cell rabies vaccine are specifically indicated for the prevention of rabies after potential exposure to the virus. This treatment is crucial for individuals who have been bitten by an animal that is suspected to carry rabies or have had other types of exposure to the virus. The immune globulin provides immediate passive immunity, while the vaccine stimulates the body’s own immune response to provide long-term protection against rabies.

Rabies is a critical condition because once clinical symptoms appear, the disease is almost universally fatal. Therefore, post-exposure prophylaxis with these treatments is essential to prevent the onset of the disease after exposure. In contrast, the other options listed—influenza, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever—each have their own specific treatments and strategies for prevention that do not involve rabies immune globulin or rabies vaccine. Thus, the correct answer to the question is rabies exposure, as it directly relates to the use of the specified treatments.