What is the primary cause of anthrax infection?

The primary cause of anthrax infection is Bacillus anthracis, which is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. This pathogen is notable for its ability to form spores, which can survive in harsh environments for long periods. Bacillus anthracis is the only known bacterium that specifically causes the disease known as anthrax. The spores can be inhaled, ingested, or enter the body through breaks in the skin, leading to various forms of anthrax, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational anthrax.

Understanding the characteristics of Bacillus anthracis is crucial for identifying and controlling anthrax infections, which have significant implications for public health, especially in areas where livestock is raised, as these animals can be carriers. The other options listed do not relate to anthrax; they are associated with different diseases. For instance, Bacillus cereus is known for causing food poisoning, Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria, and Clostridium tetani is responsible for tetanus. Each of these bacteria causes distinct infections and does not play a role in the pathology or epidemiology of anthrax.