What is the primary mode of transmission for HIV?

The primary mode of transmission for HIV is through sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. This is due to HIV being present in bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Sexual contact is the most common route of transmission, as the virus can enter the body through mucous membranes found in the genital and anal areas. Additionally, sharing needles or syringes can introduce the virus directly into the bloodstream, making this method of transmission particularly efficient among individuals who inject drugs.

Mother-to-child transmission is another significant route, where the virus can be transmitted during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or through breastfeeding. This highlights the importance of prenatal testing and treatment for expecting mothers living with HIV to reduce the risk of passing on the virus to their offspring.

Understanding these transmission routes is critical for developing effective prevention strategies, education, and public health policies aimed at reducing the spread of HIV.