What is the recommended treatment for Shigella infection?

The recommended treatment for Shigella infection includes the use of Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) or fluoroquinolones, as these antibiotics have been shown to be effective against the Shigella species. Many cases of Shigella dysentery are self-limiting, and antibiotic therapy is usually reserved for severe cases, particularly when there is a risk of complications or when the patient is at high risk for dehydration.

Bactrim is effective due to its dual mechanism of action, inhibiting bacterial folic acid synthesis. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are also recommended because of their efficacy and rapid action against Gram-negative organisms, including Shigella. The choice between these options often depends on local resistance patterns, but both Bactrim and fluoroquinolones are recognized as first-line treatments.

While azithromycin is an effective antibiotic for some enteric infections, it is more commonly used in specific populations, such as children and those allergic to other first-line therapies. Chloramphenicol is associated with serious side effects and is not typically first-line due to its risk of aplastic anemia and other toxicity. Rifaximin is primarily used for traveler's diarrhea