What type of precautions are required for airborne infectious diseases?

Airborne precautions are specifically designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents that are transmitted through the air, particularly those that can remain suspended in the air over long distances and time. These pathogens, which include diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox, require a rigorous approach to ensure that airborne particles are effectively contained and that healthcare workers and others are protected.

Utilizing N95 respirators or a higher-level mask is essential when providing care to patients with airborne infectious diseases. These masks are capable of filtering out smaller particles that could contain infectious agents, thus minimizing the risk of inhalation. In addition to respiratory protection, airborne precautions include isolating affected patients in a negative pressure room, which helps prevent contaminated air from escaping into the surrounding environment.

This approach stands apart from standard precautions, which are employed in all healthcare settings for all patient interactions, as well as droplet and contact precautions that address transmission through larger droplets and direct or indirect contact, respectively. In the case of airborne infectious diseases, the unique pathway of transmission necessitates specialized precautions to effectively control and prevent outbreaks.