Which initial screening tests are used for HIV?

The initial screening tests used for HIV are primarily based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western blot test. The ELISA test is designed to detect antibodies against HIV in the blood. If the ELISA test yields a positive result, a confirmatory test is typically performed to ensure accuracy, which is often the Western blot.

The reason why these tests are the standard for initial HIV screening is that they are both sensitive and specific for detecting antibodies to HIV, which indicate a person’s potential exposure to the virus. The combination of these tests allows for reliable diagnosis and helps in identifying individuals who may require further testing and medical intervention.

Other options, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), are not used as initial screening tests; rather, they are used to confirm HIV infection or monitor viral load in those already diagnosed. Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Liver Function Tests do not specifically assess for HIV infection and therefore do not serve as initial screening tests for the virus.